Table of Contents
Five Year Plans (Panch Varshiya Yojanayen) — Pahlii se Aakhri Tak Complete Chart 1951-2017!
Jab bhi aap 1951 ki baat karte hain, toh yeh India ka first economic development program shuru hua. 1951 se 2017 tak India me 12 Five Year Plans bane, jo India ki economic history ka sabse important chapter hain [web:330][web:332][web:333].
Agar aap UPSC, SSC CGL, Banking ya State PCS exams ki taiyari kar rahe hain, toh Five Year Plans ek aisa topic hai jisse sidhe 3-5 questions aate hain. Is article me hum yeh seekhenge ki 1st se 12th Five Year Plan ke dates, growth rates, main objectives aur key features kya hain [web:330][web:331].
🎯 Core Definition: Five Year Plan (Panch Varshiya Yojana) ka matlab hai — Ek 5 saal ka economic development program jo India ki government ne Planning Commission ke through banaya, jisme priorities, targets aur resources ko plan kiya gaya [web:330][web:332][web:333].
1. Five Year Plans Kya Hai? - Simple Meaning
Simple bhasha me samjhein: 1951 se pehle India ka koi systematic economic plan nahi tha. Planning Commission ne 1951 me 5 saal ka plan banaya jisme bataya gaya ki kahan paisa lagana hai, kin sectors ko priority deni hai, aur kitna growth target hai [web:330][web:332]:
Formula (Basic):
5 Years Plan = 5 saal ka economic target + priorities + resources allocation
5 Years Plan = 5 saal ka economic target + priorities + resources allocation
Yeh system Soviet Union ke model se inspired tha, jisme 1928 me Joseph Stalin ne pehli Five Year Plan implement ki thi [web:331].
| Term | Meaning (Hindi) | English |
|---|---|---|
| Panch Varshiya Yojana | 5 saal ki yojana | Five Year Plan |
| Pratham Yojana | Pehli Yojana | 1st Five Year Plan |
| Antim Yojana | Aakhri Yojana | 12th Five Year Plan |
| Vridhi Dar | Growth Rate | Percentage growth |
2. Complete Chart: 1st to 12th Five Year Plan (1951-2017)
Yeh complete chart yaad rakho — exam me sabse important hai [web:330][web:331]:
| Plan | Year | Main Focus/Objective | Growth Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| **1st Plan** | **1951-1956** | Krishi Vikas (Agriculture), Irrigation, Power, Community Development [web:330] | 3.6% (Target: 2.1%) |
| **2nd Plan** | **1956-1961** | Audyogik Vikas (Industrialization), Heavy Industries, Mining [web:330] | 4.27% (Target: 4.5%) |
| **3rd Plan** | **1961-1966** | Agriculture + Industry dono, Education, Health [web:330] | 2.84% (Target: 5.6%) |
| Annual Plans | 1966-1969 | Sukha + Yudh (Drought + War) ke Annual Plans [web:330][web:336] | Varies |
| **4th Plan** | **1969-1974** | Garibi Unmoolan (Poverty Removal), Self-Reliance [web:330] | 3.3% (Target: 5.7%) |
| **5th Plan** | **1974-1979** | "Garibi Hatao", Employment, Agriculture [web:330] | 3.9% (Target: 4.4%) |
| Annual Plans | 1979-1980 | Rajneetik Asthirata (Political Instability) ke Annual Plans [web:330] | Varies |
| **6th Plan** | **1980-1985** | Garibi Unmoolan, Technical Development, Poverty Elimination [web:330] | 5.7% (Target: 5.2%) |
| **7th Plan** | **1985-1990** | Productivity, Employment, Education, Food grains production [web:330] | 6.01% (Target: 5%) |
| Annual Plans | 1990-1992 | Arthik Sudhar (Economic Reforms), Liberalization ke saath [web:330] | Varies |
| **8th Plan** | **1992-1997** | Arthik Udaariikaran (Economic Liberalization), Privatization [web:330] | 6.8% (Target: 5.6%) |
| **9th Plan** | **1997-2002** | Agriculture, Rural Development, Social Justice [web:330] | 6.77% (Target: 6.5%) |
| **10th Plan** | **2002-2007** | Development rate badhana, Poverty kam karna [web:330] | 7.6% (Target: 8%) |
| **11th Plan** | **2007-2012** | Samaveshi Vikas (Inclusive Development), Education, Health [web:330] | 8% (Target: 9%) |
| **12th Plan** | **2012-2017** | Tez, Samaveshi aur Satat Vikas (Faster, Sustainable Growth) [web:330] | 6.9% (Target: 8%) |
⚡ Exam Trick:
- 1st Plan = Agriculture
- 2nd Plan = Industry (Mahalanobis Model)
- 5th Plan = "Garibi Hatao"
- 6th Plan = Garibi Removal
- 8th Plan = LPG Reforms
- 11th Plan = Inclusive Growth
- 1st Plan = Agriculture
- 2nd Plan = Industry (Mahalanobis Model)
- 5th Plan = "Garibi Hatao"
- 6th Plan = Garibi Removal
- 8th Plan = LPG Reforms
- 11th Plan = Inclusive Growth
3. Annual Plans Kya Hai? (1966-1969, 1979-1980, 1990-1992)
12 Five Year Plans ke beech 3 baar Annual Plans bane kyunki some crises aaye [web:330][web:336]:
| Period | Reason (Kyun hua) | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| 1966-1969 | Sukha (Drought) + Yudh (Pakistan War) ke baad [web:330][web:336] | Laghu kala (short-term) planning |
| 1979-1980 | Rajneetik Asthirata (Political Instability) — Janata Party government [web:330] | Crisis management |
| 1990-1992 | Arthik Sanakot (Economic Crisis) — LPG reforms se pehle [web:330] | Liberalization ki taiyari |
⚠️ Common Mistake:
Annual Plans ne Five Year Plans ko replace nahi kiya. Crisis ke baad wapas Five Year Plans shuru ho gaye [web:330].
Annual Plans ne Five Year Plans ko replace nahi kiya. Crisis ke baad wapas Five Year Plans shuru ho gaye [web:330].
4. Important Five Year Plans — Detailed Breakdown
A. 1st Five Year Plan (1951-1956) — Sabse Pehla
- Prime Minister: Jawaharlal Nehru (ne 8 December 1951 ko Parliament me present kiya) [web:331]
- Focus: Krishi Vikas (Agriculture), Irrigation, Power projects [web:330][web:331]
- Investment: Dams aur irrigation me heavy investment [web:331]
- Achievement: Target 2.1% tha, lekin 3.6% achieved hua [web:330]
- 1956 me 5 IITs shuru kiye gaye [web:331]
B. 2nd Five Year Plan (1956-1961) — Industrialization
- Model: P.C. Mahalanobis Model (Physical Welfare Model) [web:331]
- Focus: Heavy Industries, Mining, Industrialization [web:330]
- Achievement: Target 4.5%, achieved 4.27% [web:330][web:331]
C. 5th Five Year Plan (1974-1979) — Garibi Hatao
- Slogan: "Garibi Hatao" (Remove Poverty) [web:330]
- Focus: Employment, Garibi unmoolan, Agriculture [web:330]
- Special: Morarji Desai government ne is plan ko 1978 me terminate kar diya [web:331]
D. 6th Five Year Plan (1980-1985) — Garibi Removal
- Indira Gandhi: 1980 me naye plan launch kiya [web:331]
- Focus: Garibi Unmoolan, Technical Development [web:330]
- Achievement: Target 5.2%, achieved 5.7% [web:330]
E. 8th Five Year Plan (1992-1997) — LPG Reforms
- Context: 1991 ke LPG reforms ke baad [web:330]
- Focus: Arthik Udaariikaran (Economic Liberalization), Privatization [web:330]
- Achievement: Target 5.6%, achieved 6.8% — highest till then [web:330]
F. 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012) — Inclusive Growth
- Focus: Samaveshi Vikas (Inclusive Development), Education, Health [web:330]
- Targets:
- Agriculture Growth: 3.5%
- Industry Growth: 8%
- Service Growth: 8.9%
- GDP Growth: 8%
- Literacy Rate: 85% [web:331]
G. 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017) — Aakhri Plan
- Motto: "Tez, Samaveshi aur Satat Vikas" (Faster, Inclusive, Sustainable Growth) [web:330]
- Target: 8%, Achieved: 6.9% [web:330]
- End: March 2017 me complete hua [web:331]
- After 2017: Planning Commission abolish, NITI Aayog ke through naya approach [web:330]
5. Five Year Plans — Key Facts (For Exam)
Yeh facts yaad rakho, direct questions aate hain [web:330][web:331][web:332][web:335]:
- First Plan: 1951-1956 (1951 me shuru) [web:332][web:335]
- Last Plan: 12th Plan 2012-2017 (March 2017 me khatam) [web:330][web:331]
- Total Plans: 12 Five Year Plans (1951-2017) [web:330]
- Total Duration: 66 saal (1951-2017) [web:330]
- Planning Commission: 15 March 1950 se 2014 tak [web:330]
- NITI Aayog: 1 January 2015 se [web:330]
- Thomas Stalin: Soviet Union me 1928 me pehli Five Year Plan [web:331]
- Harit Kranti: 1966-67 me Punjab me shuru [web:336]
⚡ UPSC Trick:
1951 = 1st Plan shuru, 2017 = 12th Plan khatam, 2015 = NITI Aayog operational [web:330][web:332]
1951 = 1st Plan shuru, 2017 = 12th Plan khatam, 2015 = NITI Aayog operational [web:330][web:332]
6. Five Year Plans vs Annual Plans (Comparison)
| Feature | Five Year Plans | Annual Plans |
|---|---|---|
| Duration | 5 saal [web:330] | 1 saal [web:330] |
| Total Number | 12 plans [web:330] | 3 periods (1966-69, 1979-80, 1990-92) [web:330] |
| When | Normal time [web:330] | Crisis time (Drought, War, Political instability) [web:330] |
| Planning | Long-term [web:330] | Short-term (Annual) [web:336] |
7. Five Year Plans Ke After — Kya Hua?
2017 ke baad Five Year Plans khatam ho gaye. Ab kya ho raha hai? [web:330][web:331]:
- 2014: Planning Commission abolish hua [web:330]
- 2015: NITI Aayog operational hua (1 January) [web:330]
- 2017: 12th Five Year Plan complete hua (March) [web:330]
- After 2017: NITI Aayog ke through long-term vision documents (15-year, 10-year, 7-year plans) banate hain [web:330]
- Current: NITI Aayog "Atmanirbhar Bharat", "Vision 2047" jaise programs chalata hai [web:330]
Conclusion: Final Summary
Agar aapko sab kuch yaad rakhna hai toh yeh dates aur points yaad rakho [web:330][web:331][web:332]:
1951-1956 = 1st Plan (Agriculture)
1956-1961 = 2nd Plan (Industry)
1961-1966 = 3rd Plan (Agri + Industry)
1966-1969 = Annual Plans (Drought + War)
1969-1974 = 4th Plan (Garibi Unmoolan)
1974-1979 = 5th Plan ("Garibi Hatao")
1979-1980 = Annual Plans (Political instability)
1980-1985 = 6th Plan (Garibi Removal)
1985-1990 = 7th Plan (Productivity)
1990-1992 = Annual Plans (Economic crisis)
1992-1997 = 8th Plan (LPG Reforms)
1997-2002 = 9th Plan (Rural Development)
2002-2007 = 10th Plan (Development)
2007-2012 = 11th Plan (Inclusive Growth)
2012-2017 = 12th Plan (Faster Growth) — Aakhri Plan
2015 = NITI Aayog operational
2017 = 12th Plan end, Five Year Plans khatam
1956-1961 = 2nd Plan (Industry)
1961-1966 = 3rd Plan (Agri + Industry)
1966-1969 = Annual Plans (Drought + War)
1969-1974 = 4th Plan (Garibi Unmoolan)
1974-1979 = 5th Plan ("Garibi Hatao")
1979-1980 = Annual Plans (Political instability)
1980-1985 = 6th Plan (Garibi Removal)
1985-1990 = 7th Plan (Productivity)
1990-1992 = Annual Plans (Economic crisis)
1992-1997 = 8th Plan (LPG Reforms)
1997-2002 = 9th Plan (Rural Development)
2002-2007 = 10th Plan (Development)
2007-2012 = 11th Plan (Inclusive Growth)
2012-2017 = 12th Plan (Faster Growth) — Aakhri Plan
2015 = NITI Aayog operational
2017 = 12th Plan end, Five Year Plans khatam
Five Year Plans India ki economic development ka 66 saal ka safar (1951-2017) tha. Yeh system planned growth se poverty kam karta tha aur India ko develop karta tha. Ab NITI Aayog ke through new approach hai [web:330][web:331].
Kya aapko sabhi 12 Five Year Plans ke dates aur focus samajh aaye? Comment me bataiye aur agar koi doubt ho toh zaroor poochiye! 👇
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