Five Year Plans (Panch Varshiya Yojanayen) — Pahlii se Aakhri Tak Complete Chart 1951-2017!
Jab bhi aap 1951 ki baat karte hain, toh yeh India ka first economic development program shuru hua. 1951 se 2017 tak India me 12 Five Year Plans bane, jo India ki economic history ka sabse important chapter hain .
Agar aap UPSC, SSC CGL, Banking ya State PCS exams ki taiyari kar rahe hain, toh Five Year Plans ek aisa topic hai jisse sidhe 3-5 questions aate hain. Is article me hum yeh seekhenge ki 1st se 12th Five Year Plan ke dates, growth rates, main objectives aur key features kya hain .
1. Five Year Plans Kya Hai? - Simple Meaning
Simple bhasha me samjhein: 1951 se pehle India ka koi systematic economic plan nahi tha. Planning Commission ne 1951 me 5 saal ka plan banaya jisme bataya gaya ki kahan paisa lagana hai, kin sectors ko priority deni hai, aur kitna growth target hai :
5 Years Plan = 5 saal ka economic target + priorities + resources allocation
Yeh system Soviet Union ke model se inspired tha, jisme 1928 me Joseph Stalin ne pehli Five Year Plan implement ki thi .
| Term | Meaning (Hindi) | English |
|---|---|---|
| Panch Varshiya Yojana | 5 saal ki yojana | Five Year Plan |
| Pratham Yojana | Pehli Yojana | 1st Five Year Plan |
| Antim Yojana | Aakhri Yojana | 12th Five Year Plan |
| Vridhi Dar | Growth Rate | Percentage growth |
2. Complete Chart: 1st to 12th Five Year Plan (1951-2017)
Yeh complete chart yaad rakho — exam me sabse important hai :
India ke 1951 se 2017 tak ke sabhi 12 Five Year Plans ko ek nazar mein samajhne ke liye yeh chart bahut helpful hai. Ismein aapko har plan ka saal, uska main focus ya objective, aur uski actual growth rate ke saath uska target bhi mil jaayega. Yeh information aapko exams ke liye quick revision mein madad karegi aur plans ke evolution ko samajhne mein bhi sahuliyat degi.
| Plan | Year | Main Focus/Objective | Growth Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| **1st Plan** | **1951-1956** | Krishi Vikas (Agriculture), Irrigation, Power, Community Development | 3.6% (Target: 2.1%) |
| **2nd Plan** | **1956-1961** | Audyogik Vikas (Industrialization), Heavy Industries, Mining | 4.27% (Target: 4.5%) |
| **3rd Plan** | **1961-1966** | Agriculture + Industry dono, Education, Health | 2.84% (Target: 5.6%) |
| Annual Plans | 1966-1969 | Sukha + Yudh (Drought + War) ke Annual Plans | Varies |
| **4th Plan** | **1969-1974** | Garibi Unmoolan (Poverty Removal), Self-Reliance | 3.3% (Target: 5.7%) |
| **5th Plan** | **1974-1979** | "Garibi Hatao", Employment, Agriculture | 3.9% (Target: 4.4%) |
| Annual Plans | 1979-1980 | Rajneetik Asthirata (Political Instability) ke Annual Plans | Varies |
| **6th Plan** | **1980-1985** | Garibi Unmoolan, Technical Development, Poverty Elimination | 5.7% (Target: 5.2%) |
| **7th Plan** | **1985-1990** | Productivity, Employment, Education, Food grains production | 6.01% (Target: 5%) |
| Annual Plans | 1990-1992 | Arthik Sudhar (Economic Reforms), Liberalization ke saath | Varies |
| **8th Plan** | **1992-1997** | Arthik Udaariikaran (Economic Liberalization), Privatization | 6.8% (Target: 5.6%) |
| **9th Plan** | **1997-2002** | Agriculture, Rural Development, Social Justice | 6.77% (Target: 6.5%) |
| **10th Plan** | **2002-2007** | Development rate badhana, Poverty kam karna | 7.6% (Target: 8%) |
| **11th Plan** | **2007-2012** | Samaveshi Vikas (Inclusive Development), Education, Health | 8% (Target: 9%) |
| **12th Plan** | **2012-2017** | Tez, Samaveshi aur Satat Vikas (Faster, Sustainable Growth) | 6.9% (Target: 8%) |
- 1st Plan = Agriculture
- 2nd Plan = Industry (Mahalanobis Model)
- 5th Plan = "Garibi Hatao"
- 6th Plan = Garibi Removal
- 8th Plan = LPG Reforms
- 11th Plan = Inclusive Growth
3. Annual Plans Kya Hai? (1966-1969, 1979-1980, 1990-1992)
12 Five Year Plans ke beech 3 baar Annual Plans bane kyunki some crises aaye :
Five Year Plans ke dauraan kuch aise periods bhi aaye jab desh mein political ya economic instability ke kaaran 5 saal ki planning possible nahi thi. Inheen samayon mein 'Annual Plans' banaye gaye, jo ek-saal ke liye the aur unka main focus short-term stability aur urgent needs ko address karna tha. Yeh plans Five Year Plans ke break mein, ek temporary arrangement ke roop mein kaam karte the.
| Period | Reason (Kyun hua) | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| 1966-1969 | Sukha (Drought) + Yudh (Pakistan War) ke baad | Laghu kala (short-term) planning |
| 1979-1980 | Rajneetik Asthirata (Political Instability) — Janata Party government | Crisis management |
| 1990-1992 | Arthik Sanakot (Economic Crisis) — LPG reforms se pehle | Liberalization ki taiyari |
Annual Plans ne Five Year Plans ko replace nahi kiya. Crisis ke baad wapas Five Year Plans shuru ho gaye .
4. Important Five Year Plans — Detailed Breakdown
Har Five Year Plan India ke economic development journey mein ek naya chapter tha, lekin kuch plans aise the jinka impact sabse zyada significant raha. Yeh detailed breakdown unhi mukhya plans par focus karega jo na sirf exam point of view se important hain, balki jinhone India ke future ko shape kiya. Hum in plans ke core objectives, key achievements aur specific models ko deeply explore karenge.
A. 1st Five Year Plan (1951-1956) — Sabse Pehla
Azadi ke baad India ka pehla Five Year Plan ek mazboot neev rakhne jaisa tha. Is plan ka main aim tha desh ko food security dena aur infrastructure ko develop karna. Agriculture par vishesh bal diya gaya, jisse rural areas mein stability aayi aur desh ka growth path set hua. Yah plan Jawaharlal Nehru ke netritv mein shuru kiya gaya, aur iski safalta ne aage ki plans ke liye marg prashast kiya.
- Prime Minister: Jawaharlal Nehru (ne 8 December 1951 ko Parliament me present kiya)
- Focus: Krishi Vikas (Agriculture), Irrigation, Power projects
- Investment: Dams aur irrigation me heavy investment
- Achievement: Target 2.1% tha, lekin 3.6% achieved hua
- 1956 me 5 IITs shuru kiye gaye
B. 2nd Five Year Plan (1956-1961) — Industrialization
Pehle plan mein agriculture par focus ke baad, 2nd Five Year Plan ne desh ki economic strategy ko industrialization ki taraf mod diya. P.C. Mahalanobis Model par aadharit yeh plan, heavy industries jaise steel plants aur mining par zor deta tha. Iska maksad tha India ko ek self-reliant industrial nation banana. Bhale hi growth target poora nahi hua, par is plan ne desh ke industrial backbone ko mazbooti di.
- Model: P.C. Mahalanobis Model (Physical Welfare Model)
- Focus: Heavy Industries, Mining, Industrialization
- Achievement: Target 4.5%, achieved 4.27%
C. 5th Five Year Plan (1974-1979) — Garibi Hatao
5th Five Year Plan ka sabse bada hallmark tha Indira Gandhi ka iconic slogan "Garibi Hatao". Is plan ka primary objective garibi unmoolan aur self-reliance achieve karna tha. Employment creation aur agriculture sector ko boost karna iske key areas the. Lekin political changes ke chalte Morarji Desai ki government ne ise ek saal pehle hi terminate kar diya, jiske kaaran iski poori avadhi mein kai badlav aaye.
- Slogan: "Garibi Hatao" (Remove Poverty)
- Focus: Employment, Garibi unmoolan, Agriculture
- Special: Morarji Desai government ne is plan ko 1978 me terminate kar diya
D. 6th Five Year Plan (1980-1985) — Garibi Removal
Jab Indira Gandhi ki wapas satta mein aane ke baad 6th Five Year Plan launch hua, tab iska focus phir se garibi unmoolan aur technical development par tha. Is plan mein poverty eradication programs ko aur zyada streamline kiya gaya aur modern technology adoption par bhi zor diya gaya. Is plan ne pichle period ki political instability ko peeche chhod kar, desh ko ek stable growth path par laane ki koshish ki.
- Indira Gandhi: 1980 me naye plan launch kiya
- Focus: Garibi Unmoolan, Technical Development
- Achievement: Target 5.2%, achieved 5.7%
E. 8th Five Year Plan (1992-1997) — LPG Reforms
1991 ke arthik sankat ke baad, jab India ne Liberalization, Privatization aur Globalization (LPG) reforms apnaye, tab 8th Five Year Plan ne in naye reforms ko institutionalize kiya. Is plan ka main focus economic liberalization aur privatization par tha, jiska maksad tha market forces ko zyada freedom dena. Is plan ne record growth rate achieve ki, jo ki India ke economic history mein ek turning point sabit hua.
- Context: 1991 ke LPG reforms ke baad
- Focus: Arthik Udaariikaran (Economic Liberalization), Privatization
- Achievement: Target 5.6%, achieved 6.8% — highest till then
F. 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012) — Inclusive Growth
11th Five Year Plan ka motto 'Faster and More Inclusive Growth' tha. Is plan mein sirf GDP growth par hi nahi, balki development ke benefits ko samaj ke har tabke tak pahunchane par zor diya gaya. Education, health aur infrastructure mein sudhaar laane ka lakshya rakha gaya, taaki growth ke saath-saath social development bhi ho. Yeh plan samaveshi vikas ki disha mein ek mahatvapurna kadam tha.
- Focus: Samaveshi Vikas (Inclusive Development), Education, Health
- Targets:
- Agriculture Growth: 3.5%
- Industry Growth: 8%
- Service Growth: 8.9%
- GDP Growth: 8%
- Literacy Rate: 85%
G. 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017) — Aakhri Plan
12th Five Year Plan Bharat ka aakhri Five Year Plan tha, jiska motto 'Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth' tha. Is plan mein economic growth ko tez karne ke saath-saath, use paryavaran ke liye sustainable banane aur sabhi vargon ke liye samaveshi banane par zor diya gaya. Yeh plan March 2017 mein khatam hua aur iske baad Planning Commission ki jagah NITI Aayog ne le li, jisse planning approach mein ek bada badlav aaya.
- Motto: "Tez, Samaveshi aur Satat Vikas" (Faster, Inclusive, Sustainable Growth)
- Target: 8%, Achieved: 6.9%
- End: March 2017 me complete hua
- After 2017: Planning Commission abolish, NITI Aayog ke through naya approach
5. Five Year Plans — Key Facts (For Exam)
Yeh facts yaad rakho, direct questions aate hain :
Competitive exams mein Five Year Plans se related direct facts aur figures pooche jaate hain. Yeh section aapko un sabhi mukhya binduon par dhyan kendrit karne mein madad karega jo aapki taiyari ke liye essential hain. In facts ko yaad rakhna aapko questions solve karne mein edge dega aur India ki planning history ki ek clear timeline bhi provide karega.
- First Plan: 1951-1956 (1951 me shuru)
- Last Plan: 12th Plan 2012-2017 (March 2017 me khatam)
- Total Plans: 12 Five Year Plans (1951-2017)
- Total Duration: 66 saal (1951-2017)
- Planning Commission: 15 March 1950 se 2014 tak
- NITI Aayog: 1 January 2015 se
- Thomas Stalin: Soviet Union me 1928 me pehli Five Year Plan
- Harit Kranti: 1966-67 me Punjab me shuru
1951 = 1st Plan shuru, 2017 = 12th Plan khatam, 2015 = NITI Aayog operational
6. Five Year Plans vs Annual Plans (Comparison)
Five Year Plans aur Annual Plans, dono hi India ke economic development mein mahatvapurna rahe hain, lekin inki avadhi aur uddeshya mein mukhya antar the. Is tulnatmak chart se aap in dono ke beech ke pramukh bhedon ko aasani se samajh sakte hain. Yeh comparison aapko yeh samajhne mein madad karega ki kis tarah ki paristhitiyon mein kaun sa plan lagu kiya gaya aur unke pichhe kya logic tha.
| Feature | Five Year Plans | Annual Plans |
|---|---|---|
| Duration | 5 saal | 1 saal |
| Total Number | 12 plans | 3 periods (1966-69, 1979-80, 1990-92) |
| When | Normal time | Crisis time (Drought, War, Political instability) |
| Planning | Long-term | Short-term (Annual) |
7. Five Year Plans Ke After — Kya Hua?
2017 ke baad Five Year Plans khatam ho gaye. Ab kya ho raha hai? :
Five Year Plans ka daur 2017 mein samapt hone ke baad, India ne apne economic planning approach mein ek bada badlav dekha. Planning Commission ko khatam kar diya gaya aur uski jagah NITI Aayog ne le li, jiska focus ab "bottom-up" approach par hai. Ab desh mein long-term vision documents aur strategy papers ke zariye development goals set kiye jaate hain, jo zameen se judi zarooraton ko dhyaan mein rakhte hain.
- 2014: Planning Commission abolish hua
- 2015: NITI Aayog operational hua (1 January)
- 2017: 12th Five Year Plan complete hua (March)
- After 2017: NITI Aayog ke through long-term vision documents (15-year, 10-year, 7-year plans) banate hain
- Current: NITI Aayog "Atmanirbhar Bharat", "Vision 2047" jaise programs chalata hai
Conclusion: Final Summary
Agar aapko sab kuch yaad rakhna hai toh yeh dates aur points yaad rakho :
1956-1961 = 2nd Plan (Industry)
1961-1966 = 3rd Plan (Agri + Industry)
1966-1969 = Annual Plans (Drought + War)
1969-1974 = 4th Plan (Garibi Unmoolan)
1974-1979 = 5th Plan ("Garibi Hatao")
1979-1980 = Annual Plans (Political instability)
1980-1985 = 6th Plan (Garibi Removal)
1985-1990 = 7th Plan (Productivity)
1990-1992 = Annual Plans (Economic crisis)
1992-1997 = 8th Plan (LPG Reforms)
1997-2002 = 9th Plan (Rural Development)
2002-2007 = 10th Plan (Development)
2007-2012 = 11th Plan (Inclusive Growth)
2012-2017 = 12th Plan (Faster Growth) — Aakhri Plan
2015 = NITI Aayog operational
2017 = 12th Plan end, Five Year Plans khatam
Five Year Plans India ki economic development ka 66 saal ka safar (1951-2017) tha. Yeh system planned growth se poverty kam karta tha aur India ko develop karta tha. Ab NITI Aayog ke through new approach hai .
Kya aapko sabhi 12 Five Year Plans ke dates aur focus samajh aaye? Comment me bataiye aur agar koi doubt ho toh zaroor poochiye! 👇
No comments yet.